Mixotrophic Growth of Chlorella Sp. Using Glycerol for the Production of Biodiesel: A Review

Microalgae have great potential for the production of lipids that can be converted into biodiesel. Glycerol is generated as a by-product of the transesterification reaction of the lipid produced by the algae into biodiesel. The process of converting this crude glycerol into the pharmaceutical grade is expensive. Also, glycerol formation from biodiesel production creates surplus glycerol reserves. In this review, the use of crude glycerol as a carbon source for the mixotrophic growth of Chlorella Sp. is discussed. Addition of other nutritional sources like nitrogen and phosphorus was also systematically studied and the relationship between the concentration of these nutrients and the growth pattern of the algae was analyzed which is presented in the article as well.   , , Crude Glycerol, Nitrogen Sources, Phosphorus Additio

Hypertext Narrative and Globalisation: Studying the Cultural Intersection of Carnivalesque and Altermodernism in Michael Joyce’s Twelve Blue

Globalisation has brought the world together and technology has helped it do so efficiently. It has eliminated the idea of distance by proposing virtual proximity so much that everything seems almost the same. Although this cultural homogenisation leads the path towards wider accessibility, it has also resulted in a lack of originality and uniqueness. This article aims to explore the structure of Michael Joyce’s work Twelve Blue to understand the contemporary cultural significance of hypertext narrative construction in this globalised context. By drawing from the notion of carnivalesque by Mikhail Bakhtin and altermodernism by Nicolas Bourriaud, it seeks to present the function of hypertext as that of creating singularities within a totalization of heterogeneous values. The nodal standpoint of this kind of narrative, where the chaos of the carnival and altermodernist individuality converge, represents the inherent complication of our cultural ethos faced by all individuals. The article argues that hypertexts like Twelve Blue address this complexity and writers like Joyce make sure that their work structurally replicates the dilemma of this age. Moreover, it is posited that instead of mourning the loss of a traditional reading process which had stability, Twelve Blue celebrates the newfound authority of choice with readers of a literary work. The article is thus an attempt to reconcile the hypertext narratology of Twelve Blue with our present cultural sensibility in terms of its disconnection within connection, singularity within standardisation, and chaos within stability.&nbsp

Driver Drowsiness Detection System: An Approach By Machine Learning Application

The majority of human deaths and injuries are caused by traffic accidents. A million people worldwide die each year due to traffic accident injuries, consistent with the World Health Organization. Drivers who do not receive enough sleep, rest, or who feel weary may fall asleep behind the wheel, endangering both themselves and other road users. The research on road accidents specified that major road accidents occur due to drowsiness while driving. These days, it is observed that tired driving is the main reason to occur drowsiness. Now, drowsiness becomes the main principle for to increase in the number of road accidents. This becomes a major issue in a world which is very important to resolve as soon as possible. The predominant goal of all devices is to improve the performance to detect drowsiness in real time. Many devices were developed to detect drowsiness, which depend on different artificial intelligence algorithms. So, our research is also related to driver drowsiness detection which can identify the drowsiness of a driver by identifying the face and then followed by eye tracking. The extracted eye image is matched with the dataset by the system. With the help of the dataset, the system detected that if eyes were close for a certain range, it could ring an alarm to alert the driver and if the eyes were open after the alert, then it could continue tracking. If the eyes were open then the score that we set decreased and if the eyes were closed then the score increased. This paper focus to resolve the problem of drowsiness detection with an accuracy of 80% and helps to reduce road accidents

TECHNIQUES TO INCORPORATE NETWORK FAILURE EVENTS IN IMPACT ANALYSIS AND CRITICALITY ASSESSMENT MODELLING

Criticality assessment is a process that typically involves assigning assets with a criticality rating based on the effects of asset failure on a system and/or operation of the system as a whole. Presented herein are techniques that provide for the ability to incorporate network failure events in impact analysis and criticality assessment processes utilizing a five-dimensional formula, referred to herein as an Aggregated Risk Priority Number (ARPN), which can be derived using various parameters representing the severity of a network failure, the probability of occurrence of the network failure, the probability of detection of the network failure, the time of occurrence of the network failure, and a deployment knowledge factor (DKF)

Incidental retained intrauterine Lippe’s loop in 65 years old woman: a rare case report

Intrauterine contraceptive devices are a widely used method of contraception. It is cheap, easy and an effective method. The first intrauterine device was Lippe’s loop which was double S shaped trapezoid loop introduced in 1962. Nowadays, third generation intrauterine devices are used which are effective for 5 and as well as 10 years. Here we presented a rare case of first generation of intrauterine device, that was, Lippe’s loop in a 65 year old lady which was found as an incidental finding. Intrauterine device insertion without the knowledge of women can lead to the forgotten device which can adversely affect the health of women

Revelation of Mott insulating state in layered honeycomb lattice Li2_2RuO3_3

We investigate the role of electron correlation in the electronic structure of honeycomb lattice Li$_2$RuO$_3$ using photoemission spectroscopy and band structure calculations. Monoclinic Li$_2$RuO$_3$ having Ru network as honeycomb lattice undergoes magneto-structural transition at T$_c$ $\sim$ 540 K from high temperature phase $C2/m$ to low temperature dimerized phase $P2_1/m$. Room temperature valence band photoemission spectra reveal an insulating ground state with no intensity at Fermi level ($E_F$). Ru 4$d$ band extracted from high and low photon energy valence band photoemission spectra reveal that the surface and bulk electronic structures are very similar in this system. Band structure calculations using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) leads to metallic ground state while screened hybrid (YS-PBE0) functional reveals opening up of a gap in almost degenerate $d_{zx}$/$d_{yz}$ orbital, whereas $d_{xy}$ orbital is already gapped. Ru 3$d$ core level spectra with prominent unscreened feature provides direct evidence of strong electron correlation among Ru 4$d$ electrons which is also manifested by $|E-E_F|^2$ dependence of spectral density of states (DOS) in the vicinity of $E_F$ in the high-resolution spectra, establishing Li$_2$RuO$_3$ as Mott insulator

A study to assess prevalence of obesity among government employees of medical college in Madhya Pradesh, India

Background: Obesity has become a major chronic disorder affecting the larger population more than any other disease in the world. Objective was to determine the prevalence of obesity among the government employees of G.R. Medical College, Gwalior.Methods: The present study has been undertaken among government employees of G.R. Medical College, Gwalior in which all the employees were interviewed by a predesigned, pre-tested and pre-validated structured Questionnaire. Anthropometric data regarding weight and height was taken. The data was collected and analyzed using statistical software and chi square and other statistical tests were applied.Results: The study shows that among total 215 employees. 35 (21.21%) males and 21 (42%) females were found overweight and obese with the criteria of BMI more than 25 kg/m2.Conclusions: It was concluded from the present study that obesity is a chronic illness. Early detection and appropriate intervention could prevent various complications associated with it. BMI plays a crucial role

A study to assess body mass index and pattern of physical activity among the government employees working at different organizations of Gwalior city

Background: The obesity can be defined simply as the disease in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that health may be adversely affected. Physical activity is a key determinant of energy expenditure, and thus is fundamental to energy balance and weight control. Aims and objectives was to assess the BMI and physical activity among government employees working in different organizations of Gwalior city.Methods: The present study was a cross sectional study. Five different government organizations were selected and from each organization 60 participants were selected randomly. A pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured interview based questionnaire was used for data collection from different participants. WHO BMI classification was used to classify participants.Results: In the present study 44% of the study participants were overweight/ pre-obese while 8.33% and 1.33% were in Obese Class I and Obese Class II respectively. 40.67% were doing physical exercise. The most common type of physical exercise was walking or jogging 72.13%.Conclusions: It was concluded that despite the known fact that obesity could have negative impact on the work capacity and physical fitness, only 40.67% were doing some physical exercise. Employees should be motivated to do daily exercise for the duration of at least 30 minutes

To evaluate the efficacy of ropivacaine with dexmedetomidine and ropivacaine with dexamethasone in fascia iliaca compartment block for post-operative pain relief in fracture femur surgeries: A comparative randomized study

Background: Patients with femur fracture experience severe post-operative pain. Fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) is a safe and effective approach for providing post-operative analgesia. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the post-operative pain relief with dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone with ropivacaine in FICB. Materials and Methods: This prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled, and clinical study was done on 105 patients, with ASA physical status I-II, aged between 18 and 70 years, undergoing surgery for femur fracture. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups. All patients received FICB by landmark technique before spinal anesthesia. Group A patients received 38 mL of 0.25% ropivacaine and dexmedetomidine, Group B received 38 mL of 0.25% ropivacaine and dexamethasone and Group C received 38 mL of 0.25% ropivacaine. Patients were assessed for analgesia during positioning and post-operative period using visual analog scale (VAS). Hemodynamic parameters and time for first rescue analgesia were recorded. Results: The mean VAS score at 6 h after surgery was 0.74±0.95 in Group A, in Group B 2.26±0.95, and in Group C was 4.23±1.17, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). The time for first rescue analgesia was 13.03±1.79 h in Group-A, 8.31±1.11 h in Group B and 5.94±0.87 h in Group C (P<0.001). Conclusion: Addition of dexmedetomidine or dexamethasone to ropivacaine for FICB in femur fracture patients prolongs post-operative analgesia compared to ropivacaine alone

An observational study to find association of serum vitamin B12 and folate level with neonatal weight at a tertiary care centre

Background: In developing countries like India, low birth weight is a challenging and important public health problem as it has adverse effect on growth and development of children. Vitamin B12 and folate are micronutrients essential for normal foetal growth and development. Maternal folate and B12 concentrations have been positively associated with birth weight. The aim of this study was to evaluate maternal folate and vitamin B12 status in pregnant women in third trimester of pregnancy and to find their relation with foetal birth weight.Methods: 171 pregnant women in their third trimester with live singleton pregnancy were included in the study. S. vitamin B12 and folate levels were measured and results were analysed.Results: Mean maternal vitamin B12 level in mothers with LBW infants was significantly lower than that of mothers of ABW infants (143.23±91.79 vs 188.8±109.64 respectively p≤0.001) and mean maternal folate level in mothers with LBW infants was lower than that of mothers of ABW infants (8.46±8.94 vs 9.96±12.57 respectively p=0.054). There was a weak positive but statistically significant correlation between baby weight (kg) and S. vitamin B12 (rho=0.24, p=0.002) and S. folate (rho=0.17, p=0.029).Conclusions: The present study confirms that maternal low vitamin B12 level and low S. folate levels are associated with low birth weight so during antenatal visit women should be screened for vitamin B12 and folate deficiency and vitamin supplementation should be continued throughout the pregnancy